How To Get Debt Collectors Off Your Back Permanently

April 30, 2008


Debt collectors are liars, cheaters, etc… They take advantage of every loophole possible and even break the law. They have been featured on almost every news program from CNN to 60 Minutes. There are laws in place to contain their harassment and collection efforts and to make this process more civil, but most figure the risk of getting caught is minimal and that the rewards of endlessly harassing and fleecing victims is far greater. We now have the power to take back our lives, stop them in their tracks and sue them for more than they are trying to collect.

First, lets start with what is actually owed and how most collection agencies work. Usually a unpaid debt is either sold or turned over to a collection agency. 95% or more of these debts are credit cards, store cards, gas cards, etc… These debts are then tiered according to age of debt, amount, credit, job history, etc… Generally most debts are bought for pennies on the dollar. Recent debt may go for $.15 to $.25 on the dollar whereas old debt that has had numerous collection attempts goes for $.05 or less and debt that is beyond the statues of limitations for the state the debtor resides in goes for less than $.01. So, for instance if you owed $10000.00 on a credit card, the debt collection agency paid at most $2500.00, but probably paid less than $1500 for it. Now, what’s interesting is that they will call and write you stating that you now owe $14000.00 or so stating that it has accrued interest and various questionable fees. This is all profit if you were dumb enough to pay that. A fair settlement would be $1700.00 or less. So, the point here is that you don’t ever owe what they are trying to collect from you - it is always far, far less.

Secondly, lets give you some more ammunition - The 1977 FDCPA (Fair Debt Collection Practices Act) gives you rights the debt collectors won’t tell you about. If you don’t want to hear from them again, its easy. Just write them a letter stating that you wish they cease all contact with you (make sure you put in the letter that - P.S. This letter is in no way an acknowledgement of the above listed debt(s) - that way they cannot even attempt to try and re-age your debt (add another 7years of collection and reporting to further harass). Send the letter registered return receipt requested mail and keep your proof of receipt. If they contact you after this for any reason other than to tell you they are either dropping the issue or taking it to court (99.99% won’t go to court as it costs them more money and their odds of getting anything are almost zero - even with a judgement) then you can sue them for each occurrence for $1,000. People win these suits every day - most settle out of court for a lot more than the original debt (just look this up on the internet under small claims court). You also have the right to question the debt and have the debt collector provide proof. Many debt collection agencies are being sued by many debtors for their failure to provide proof. Just look up Asset Acceptance on the internet - they are one of the biggest abusers of this federal law with thousands of outstanding lawsuits for harassing debt collection practices.

So, now you know how to stop debt collection agencies in their tracks. You know how to get relief - sue them! If enough people sue them things will change. Also use your state and local resources. State Attorney generals go after debt collection agencies that routinely break the law, Consumer protection agencies (the Better Business Bureau, etc…), the Federal Trade Commission goes after the worst abusers, and, of course, your state department of insurance and finance (whom actually licenses these agencies rto operate in your state). You state department of finance and insurance, or similar, has the power to fine, punish and even banish the debt collection agency from your state. Every state requires a debt collection agency to be licensed and put up a large financial bond (around $50,000) to operate in your state. Call these folks if you are having problems with a debt collection agency - they will get immediate results in your favor. Don’t threaten the collection agency that you have these rights - use them. Bring the collection agency to its knees if they are violating your rights.

The other problem is are these bills, debts even correct? Many hospitals, doctors, etc… have no ethics and will purposely double or even triple bill patients without insurance because they know they can get away with it. If you have a question about your bill demand a itemized bill and have this professionally examined. This will reveal things like overcharging ($100 tissue boxes, 1000 percent markup on medicines, etc…) We entrust these hospitals and doctors with our lives and then they screw us by double billing or worse. Right now there is no government policing on hospitals. Many times a debt collector will actually make up a debt or illegally pass one on to you from someone else (Asset Acceptance has been sued for this many times). Do not assume that you owe any debt and take them to task. If you do owe it, pay it, but pay the least amount possible, and pay it on your terms. If they break the law - make them pay!

If you have a problem with a bill make it known to your state politicians. If enough people do this things will change. Write to your local newspaper, tell a friend, do a press release. Tell others of their rights. Cigarette boxes come with warnings - shouldn’t debt collectors and debt collection agencies with their high propensity to skirt the law also come with mandatory warnings? The more the word gets out, the better the odds something will be done about it.
David Maillie holds numerous patents including his recently awarded patent for headlight repair, cleaner and restorer. He can be reached at M.D. Wholesale: MDwholesale.com Bestskinpeel.com

Getting Started In Real Estate Investing

April 30, 2008


Education in real estate is relatively easy and cheaper to find. There are those who have thorough knowledge about the subject, go on to teaching and organize courses on it. However, it has been a tried and tested theory that if someone wants to be successful, they would have to learn the intricacies of the trade from someone who is more successful than them.

If you want to be a successful real investor, you will have to indulge in a lot of planning. Almost every successful investor has a game plan. The educated investors, who rely only on theory, know how to go about deals, but they have no clue about where the deals are going or why they are being pursued. They randomly chase the opportunities.

By planning, investors take responsibility of their life, finances, expenses and actions. These actions could be the major reason for the success of an investor. Following are some of the actions:

Controlling Debt

Controlling debts means paying debts as soon as possible. Debt tends to become the master of the person and causes sleepless nights, forcing people to hold on to their jobs and do things they would not otherwise do. There are people who stop stashing debts. They dont buy cards and other consumer items or spend on things, unless they have cash for it. There are some who even scale back their lifestyles. Some even move into apartments and some people give up their luxurious lifestyles for sometime, so that they can pursue their dreams. These are people who plan to pay off their debts and do not to accumulate any more.

Knowing What One Wants From Life

It is not common to meet people who know exactly what they want from life. There are many, who have no clue about their lives and some come up with answers like, I would like to make $200,000 per annum or I would like to have $6 million in my bank. When the very same people are asked why, all they can answer is Because I want it. These dreams of wanting something die away when something else tops the want list. People are under this wrong notion that having or making a lot of money would solve all their troubles and offer them a life they always wanted. Over time, society has brandished this idea, making it surreal, yet unbelievable. When people dont know what they are doing, money would make them feel miserable. However, a plan and some money could set them free.

Ability to Focus

Real estate investors have a mindset to be successful quickly. Seldom do people make a plan for being financially free in forty years. Two or three are a common thing. However, the good news is that two or three years could possibly change your life, if you have a certain direction and planning. Without the two, all your years of hard work could go down the drain. Generally, investors who focus find a niche in real estate investment, churn out good profits.
Real Estate Investments are now easy with Realnet USA’s step by step Real Estate Investing process. We help you find your Real Estate Investment, to view live inventory please visit http://www.realnetusa.com.

Some Tips To Help You Find A Payday Loan Company

April 29, 2008


Do you find yourself living paycheck to paycheck dreading the time in between pay periods and praying that the bills’ due dates will coincide with your pay period? There may be an answer for those pre payday blues: payday loan companies. There are several companies whose services can be provided to ease the financial burden of living for your paycheck. This is not free money, however, and a payday loan must be seriously considered before making a commitment.

Specific terms such as interest rates and fees must be reviewed and agreed upon before loans can be processed. Above all, one must be educated on the procedure of payday loan acquisition in order to choose an appropriate company and to avoid paying large fees.

Since there are so many payday loan companies, one may be selective in which one they choose to borrow from. Reputation is a good indicator of the company’s abilities. Better still is a referral from a friend or family member who can give you objective advice on the company. An important part of selecting a company is their fee schedule and payback process. Caution is advised during this process because there may be hidden fees and fine print that is easy to overlook.

It is wise to have a legal professional or advisor look over the particulars before getting involved in any agreements. A key feature of payday loan companies is the interest rates and payback plans.

This is where companies will differ the most, and it is wise to shop around before committing to a rate. One must consider the fact that they will be paying back more than they borrowed, a concept often overlooked when interest is involved. For those already on a limited budget, interest and other fees may pose a serious problem within their budget calculations. More importantly, acquiring a payday loan is often a last resort and may be decided upon frivolously. For this reason, it is wise to step back and thoroughly evaluate the need for the loan as well as the consequences that may follow if the loan cannot be paid back.

Once you have decided to embark on a payday loan, there is some documentation needed to begin. You will need your driver’s license, social security card, and bank account information. All of this is necessary in order to apply for a loan, and companies may reject you without all of the essential documents. As mentioned, it is vital to verify the validity of such loan companies before presenting them with any personal information. It is also crucial to review their privacy policies to ensure that sensitive documents will be protected from public view.
Gregg Hall is an author living in Navarre Beach, Florida. Find more about this as well as a payday loan online at http://www.express-payday-loans.com

Why Is Estate Tax Planning So Important

April 29, 2008


There are many reasons that make an estate plan very important. When you are unable to take decisions regarding your healthcare due to illness or accident there needs to be someone who can legally take such decisions on your behalf. Alternatively, if you require long-term care, which is not covered by medical insurance, you have to make alternative arrangements beforehand. There may be many responsibilities that would need to be performed in case of your incapacity or death. Your estate plan can cover all arrangements in case of the above-mentioned eventualities. To find out how it can do this, read on.

a) Planning for incapacity:- It is important to have arrangements that can ensure that you are taken care of in the event of your incapacity. To do this

. Make a living will:- This legal instrument documents your intentions about using life-sustaining measures when you are in a state of terminal illness. It expressly states your wish in this regard and acts as a bar for anyone to speak on your behalf.

. Prepare a health care power of attorney:- This document is to authorize a specific person to decide upon your healthcare measures when you fall in an unconscious or vegetative state or are unable to take your own health care decisions on account of any other reason(s). Laws in all states are not uniform on this issue but many state laws can permit you to include instructions about continuing or withholding life-sustaining care in this document.

. Buy Insurance for long-term care:- As things presently stand, health insurance does not cover the cost of long-term care. As such, in case when such care becomes necessary it is your spouse or other family members who have to foot the bill. The remedy is to take out a long-term insurance policy.

. Form a revocable living trust:- A revocable living trust will enable you to appoint a trustee who can succeed you in order to manage the trust when you cannot do this due to injury or illness/death and avoid any probate court guardianship issues.

. Create a durable power of attorney:- This a legal document that lets you appoint an ‘attorney-in-fact’ or ‘agent’ who can perform various responsibilities on your behalf. There are many responsibilities involving banking transactions, safety deposit boxes, insurance claim settlements, filing of tax returns, matters related to government benefits, purchase, sale and management of real estate etc. that have legal implications. The durable power of attorney will vest your agent with authority to carry out all the work on your behalf, legally.

b) Avoiding probate:- You can avoid you heirs going through harrowing probate proceedings, which are also very costly and can consume a big part of your estate in legal costs and fees. ‘Transfer on death accounts’ avoid probate proceedings letting you maintain sole ownership of assets as long as you are alive. Designate beneficiaries for annuities, individual retirement accounts, life insurance, and retirement plans. Note that these designations have precedence over other claims arising out of trusts, wills etc. Revocable living trusts also help avoiding probates as your trustee takes charge to manage/distribute your property in accordance to your wishes in the event of your death or incapacity. Titling your assets as ‘joint ownership with rights of survivorship’ can also avoid probate.

c) Forming charitable trusts or making gifts to charity:- Depending on your goals, you can make gifts of IRAs, retirement plans, annuities, make charity a beneficiary to life insurance benefits or establish a charitable trust(s). There are ways through which you can avoid estate tax, capital gains tax, get a reduction on income tax payable etc. along with receiving lifetime income from assets that are to be distributed to charity after your death.

d) Avoiding estate tax burden:- Form other trusts to eliminate/mitigate estate tax payable by your heirs:- You can form bypass trusts, A/B trusts or other types of trusts to ensure that your heirs are not burdened by avoidable estate taxes. Your estate tax consultant will be able to guide you how to go about this.
Sacramento CPA firms offers Estate Tax Planning to individuals and businesses. We have former IRS auditors who know the system to make sure you only get the best advice. Discover a bevy or articles at : http://www.april15.com.

Getting Started In Real Estate Investing

April 28, 2008


Education in real estate is relatively easy and cheaper to find. There are those who have thorough knowledge about the subject, go on to teaching and organize courses on it. However, it has been a tried and tested theory that if someone wants to be successful, they would have to learn the intricacies of the trade from someone who is more successful than them.

If you want to be a successful real investor, you will have to indulge in a lot of planning. Almost every successful investor has a game plan. The educated investors, who rely only on theory, know how to go about deals, but they have no clue about where the deals are going or why they are being pursued. They randomly chase the opportunities.

By planning, investors take responsibility of their life, finances, expenses and actions. These actions could be the major reason for the success of an investor. Following are some of the actions:

Controlling Debt

Controlling debts means paying debts as soon as possible. Debt tends to become the master of the person and causes sleepless nights, forcing people to hold on to their jobs and do things they would not otherwise do. There are people who stop stashing debts. They dont buy cards and other consumer items or spend on things, unless they have cash for it. There are some who even scale back their lifestyles. Some even move into apartments and some people give up their luxurious lifestyles for sometime, so that they can pursue their dreams. These are people who plan to pay off their debts and do not to accumulate any more.

Knowing What One Wants From Life

It is not common to meet people who know exactly what they want from life. There are many, who have no clue about their lives and some come up with answers like, I would like to make $200,000 per annum or I would like to have $6 million in my bank. When the very same people are asked why, all they can answer is Because I want it. These dreams of wanting something die away when something else tops the want list. People are under this wrong notion that having or making a lot of money would solve all their troubles and offer them a life they always wanted. Over time, society has brandished this idea, making it surreal, yet unbelievable. When people dont know what they are doing, money would make them feel miserable. However, a plan and some money could set them free.

Ability to Focus

Real estate investors have a mindset to be successful quickly. Seldom do people make a plan for being financially free in forty years. Two or three are a common thing. However, the good news is that two or three years could possibly change your life, if you have a certain direction and planning. Without the two, all your years of hard work could go down the drain. Generally, investors who focus find a niche in real estate investment, churn out good profits.
Real Estate Investments are now easy with Realnet USA’s step by step Real Estate Investing process. We help you find your Real Estate Investment, to view live inventory please visit http://www.realnetusa.com.

The High Cost Of A Poor Credit Rating

April 28, 2008


Is your credit rating good or poor? If you’ve recently been turned down for a credit card, store card or loan, it could be because you’ve paid off everything so perfectly that you have no credit history. But it’s more likely to be because your credit rating is poor. And this means it could be difficult to get credit at a price you find attractive.

What Makes A Poor Credit Rating?

Applications for credit are scored using criteria on the application form. For example, home owners score higher than renters and it’s useful to be on the electoral roll. People tend to get a poor credit rating if:

- They have defaulted on payments in the past;
- They have been made bankrupt;
- They have paid bills late (arrears);
- They have had County Court Judgements (CCJs) against them

Bankruptcies and CCJs stay on a credit file for six years, and it is hardest to get credit if these are the problem.

Banks, credit card companies and store card issuers also look at people’s credit report. This is a file maintained by a credit reference agency detailing people’s applications and approvals for credit, borrowings, payment record and electoral roll entry. Equifax and Experian are two of the biggest and best known credit reference agencies and are used by most of the lenders. Over time, a credit report can become quite large, with details of every payment made or missed for every credit card and loan.

How Will A Poor Credit Rating Affect You?

A poor credit rating can mean that a person is turned down for credit. At the very least, it makes it difficult to get a loan, credit card, store card or mortgage. Even if people manage to get these products, they rarely benefit from the same low rates and incentive offers as other credit card applicants. Instead, they may have to pay a higher interest rate, either permanently, or until they show a good record of payments on the credit card or loan.

To give an example, a person with an excellent credit rating could borrow money at an interest rate of under 6% (depending on the loan amount and the particular deal). A person with a poor credit rating might have an interest rate of well over 25%.

Loan Options For People With Poor Credit Ratings

People with poor credit ratings have the option of having a secured loan. This means that if they default their house can be seized to ensure that the lender is paid. For credit cards they could have a card with a high interest rate. There is also the option of a prepaid credit card. This is similar to a prepaid mobile phone card. The card holder tops the card up with money and can spend that amount in places where a credit card is needed.

How To Improve Your Credit Rating

Improving your credit rating can be simple. Make sure you are listed on the electoral roll and pay your bills on time. Finally, get a copy of your credit file from Experian or Equifax to make sure the details are correct. That way you won’t pay the price for someone else’s bad credit history.
Joseph Kenny writes for the, Personal Loan Store and offer more information on bad credit loans available on site.
Visit Today: http://www.ukpersonalloanstore.co.uk/

Day Trading Your Way To Success

April 27, 2008


If you are interested in day trading you first need to know what it is all about and to understand the basics of day trading. For starters, a day trader is a person who is very active in the stock market and makes several trades a day in an attempt to make quick gains by buying and selling stocks in a short time span.

As the market is never the same day to day, no one particular day trading strategy will work each time. To be successful, you first need to understand how the market works and get a feel for the market.

This includes recognizing the stocks’ basic trend, the long and short setups, when to enter a trade, and where to place stops. Another very important basic is how to protect your profits and minimize losses.

Once you have learned the basics and are ready to try your first day trade, here are some tips and guidelines you should keep in mind that is essential to your success as a day trader.

Being a day trader requires a lot of time and practice before you get used to the everyday volatility in the market. Do not expect to become an expert day trader overnight. No matter how many books you have read or day traders you have watched, that will not make you an immediate expert.

There are day trading websites that simulate trading. Practice with their trading platform first before trying out the real thing. It could save you a lot of money and you will learn the ropes faster this way.

If you are ready for real live trading, do not be scared by the thought of losing money. There are ways to minimize your loss such as with stop orders.

If you lose money, do not worry, as some loss is to be expected. Just remember, with increased experience and sensitivity to the market, you will start turning a profit soon.

If you profit large sums of money, stop trading. Do not gamble it away by trying to gain even larger profits. You can always trade another day.

Sometimes the market will not perform as you expected. When you encounter this situation, it is best that you do not trade at all.

Once you gain more experience in day trading, you may be able to predict the direction of a stock price. However, try not to pick top stocks or bottom stocks. This is one of the most common mistakes of a beginner.

If you cannot predict where the market is heading, it is best if you stand aside and wait, or you can always go home and trade again another day.

It is a good idea to record all of your day trading results. This way you can learn what works and what does not, and be more effective in trading.

Observe good traders. Look at how and when they sell or buy. Generally, good day traders often buy on bad news and sell on good news.

Beginners often get emotional in their trades. Avoid this at all cost, stay emotionally detached and professional.

Learn to trust your instincts. Relying too much on analysis may mean letting a few good trades slip away from you.

As you gain experience, you will see that different day trading strategies are required on different days and required on different stocks. Be flexible.

Bad day traders often focus on too many stocks that are not manageable and often lose track on where each stock is heading. It is wise to limit your stocks in manageable numbers.

With patience and practice, you can be successful in day trading, and as your experience grows so do your profits. Everyday you can learn new day trading strategies in the market, which you can use to your advantage.
For a more in-depth look at day trading drop by Susan’s site at Day Trading Strategy. Susan also enjoys writing on a variety of topics at Health and Fitness Hub.

Mortgage Equity A Case Study

April 27, 2008


Wells Fargo is one of the leading firms that offer home equity loans with no closing fees; however, whether or not you pay closing fees will depend on the amount of loan borrowed and the state in which the property is seated. The “no closing” package also depends on the level of credit the borrower has established.

Some lenders offer a 7.00% APR variable rate on the loans and these rates are active on a set timeframe, but again, it depends on the amount of loan borrowed. The bank states if the borrower accepts the repayments; thus, direct deposit relations then the rates will remain in effect, but if the borrower opts to close his accounts and selects to pay by check, money order, or other method outside of a active direct deposit payment, then the rates will increase on the loan.

Furthermore, the bank states that the rates are “subject to change daily,” thus posing threats to the borrower. In addition, there are fees on a set time if the borrower elects to pay outside of direct deposit arrangements. Additionally, the bank stipulates that the borrower must pay “flood and hazard” insurance during the term of the loan. Other lenders offer similar but slightly different equity loans, which is why you should weigh out the terms between lenders to avoid significant loss.

We pointed out the terms in this article to help you to see that the advertisement for equity loans offering no closing fees or other upfront costs has stipulations in the loans. Therefore, read the terms and fine print to better understand what you are actually getting into when taking out home equity loans. In addition to this, you may also want to get quotes online, which can help you compare companies.
Emanuele Allenti is the owner of home equity loans and best home equity loans websites.

Trading Plan A Roadmap To Trading The Markets

April 27, 2008


Having a trading plan is similar to having a map when traveling to a new location. Modern day vehicles often come with a navigation system making it easier to travel with the fastest route. A trading plan acts as a road map for the trading day.

Most new traders trade without a plan. This often causes reckless trading, emotional trading, and no predefined entry and exit points. They are simply lost during the trading session. Designing a plan prior to the open is necessary. Most new traders are still inexperienced to devise an effective trading plan that can guide them throughout the day. They are unable to locate key support and resistance levels, do not hold strict money management rules, and lack the discipline needed in trading. In order to devise a plan, one must be able to understand how to make one. This requires market knowledge and a methodology a trader feels comfortable with.

So What Is A Trading Plan?

Everyday after the close I will spend 1-2 hours studying the market action. I will then go through my daily charts, 233 TICK charts, and Market Profile charts. First thing I do is to look for market acceptance vs rejection. Then I switch to the daily chart to view the bigger trend. I will then plot the pivot points and any significant price level that I will be looking at accordingly. This gives me a road map for the markets.

The second step is to plot the route I plan to take on the road map. I will visualize a number of possible situations for the following trading day. Couple examples include:

1. If the markets open up above the value high pivot, I will look for long setups.
2. If the markets gap down to the daily pivot, I will fade it for a gap fill.
3. I will not trade between certain price levels as it offers no opportunity.

Every trader has their own methods and analysis techniques to develop a trading plan. There is no right or wrong way to devise one. The biggest mistake alot of traders make is that even with a plan, they are unable to follow it. Why draw a map and not use it?

Develop a trading plan and stick with it. Have the discipline to follow your plans. By having a plan and applying money management, you have a significant edge over a good percentage of traders. Best of trading.
James Lee is a full-time day trader specializing in the mini-sized Dow futures. His core trading strategy is based on pivot point clusters and Market Profile. Find out how to identify high probability trading opportunities at http://www.traderslaboratory.com.

Short Sale Real Estate Investing

April 26, 2008


Short sale investing involves buying a piece of property from a lender for an amount less than the balance owed on the property. Basically, there are two types of short sale realty investments. The first type refers to when you purchase a property, foreclosed by a lender listed with a realtor. In this type, you simply offer the lender, who has now become the owner on record, less than what is owed on the property. In this case, you can offer less than the balance that was due on the foreclosure. Such a short sale, realty investment calls for a good relationship with the realtor. The other type involves negotiating directly with the lender of a motivated seller. It is essential to be determined in the negotiation process, mainly in reaching the right person at the lender Real Estate Owned (REO) department and then to get the price of your choice.

The key to be successful in the first kind of short sale, real estate investment lies in forging a relationship with a reliable local realtor. You can always search for one or two realty offices in your area that handle majority foreclosures and short sale, realty investments. In order to build your relationship with the realtors, you need to inform them about your ability to buy. Make sure you follow through, once you make the offer. It will help the agent know that you are the investor to turn to, whenever he has a deal regarding short sale, realty investment.

There are three fundamental steps that can be incorporated, in order to be successful with short sale, real estate investments. They are as follows:

. Search for the properties: The first step to success in a short sale real estate investment is to search for properties. This can be accomplished through regular realty advertisements and looking for distressed or overgrown property. It helps you get calls from sellers close to foreclosure.
. Get the seller on your side: The second best way to earn success in this type of investment is to get the seller on your side. In order to do so, you need to listen, communicate and empathize openly and honestly with the seller, regarding your plans. Besides, you will also be required to answer all questions and speak to the concerned parties frequently, so as to keep the channels of communication open. It helps to keep doubts out of the picture.
. Find the right person at the lender to speak with: Though it is not easy to find a reliable person, but this step is essential. More often than not, the first person you speak to will not necessarily be the right person and you may require cross certain hurdles to finally reach the person with some authority. You would certainly require patience in order to get the job done.

Short sale realty investment is considered to be lucrative for building wealth too. Owing to the increase in foreclosures across the country, the trend of learning and applying short sale realty investment skills is likely to continue.
Real Estate Investments are now easy with Realnet USA’s step by step Real Estate Investing process. We help you find your Real Estate Investment, to view live inventory please visit http://www.realnetusa.com.

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U.S. Government Required Disclaimer - Options trading has large potential rewards, but also large potential risk. You must be aware of the risks and be willing to accept them in order to invest in the options markets. Don't trade with money you can't afford to lose. This website is neither a solicitation nor an offer to Buy/Sell options. No representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to those discussed on this website. The past performance of any trading system or methodology is not necessarily indicative of future results.

HYPOTHETICAL OR SIMULATED PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE CERTAIN LIMITATIONS. UNLIKE AN ACTUAL PERFORMANCE RECORD, SIMULATED RESULTS DO NOT REPRESENT ACTUAL TRADING. ALSO, SINCE THE TRADES HAVE NOT BEEN EXECUTED, THE RESULTS MAY HAVE UNDER-OR-OVER COMPENSATED FOR THE IMPACT, IF ANY, OF CERTAIN MARKET FACTORS, SUCH AS LACK OF LIQUIDITY. SIMULATED TRADING PROGRAMS IN GENERAL ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO THE FACT THAT THEY ARE DESIGNED WITH THE BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT WILL OR IS LIKELY TO ACHIEVE PROFIT OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN.